He aha ka ho'āʻo Endotoxins?

He aha ka ho'āʻo Endotoxins?

ʻO nā Endotoxins nā molekala hydrophobic i ʻāpana o ka lipopolysaccharide complex e hana i ka hapa nui o ka membrane waho o ka bacteria Gram-negative.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i ka wā e make ai ka maʻi bacteria a hemo ko lākou mau membrane waho.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Endotoxins ka mea kōkua nui i ka pane pyrogenic.A ʻo nā huahana makua i hoʻohaumia ʻia me nā pyrogens hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ke kuni, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pane ʻeha, ka haʻalulu, ka hemahema o ke kino a me ka make i ke kanaka.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo Endotoxins ka hoʻāʻo e ʻike a helu ʻia i nā endotoxins mai Gram-negative bacteria.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā rapeti e ʻike a helu i nā endotoxins i nā huahana lāʻau i ka wā mua.Wahi a ka USP, pili ka RPT i ka nānā ʻana no ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana a i ʻole ke kuni ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā rabbit.A koi ʻo 21 CFR 610.13(b) i kahi hoʻāʻo rabbit pyrogen no nā huahana olaola i kuhikuhi ʻia.

I ka makahiki 1960, ua ʻike ʻo Fredrick Bang lāua ʻo Jack Levin e ʻaʻahu nā amebocytes o ka pāpaʻi lio i mua o nā endotoxins.ʻO kaLimulus Amebocyte Lysate(a i ʻole ʻo Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate) i hoʻomohala ʻia e hoʻololi i ka hapa nui o RPT.Ma ka USP, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻāʻo LAL ma ke ʻano he bacterial endotoxin test (BET).A hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo BET me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana 3: 1) ka ʻenehana gel-clot;2) ka ʻenehana turbidimetric;3) ka ʻenehana chromogenic.Loaʻa nā koi no ka hoʻāʻo LAL i ka pH maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika ionic, ka mahana, a me ka manawa o ka incubation.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me RPT, wikiwiki a maikaʻi ʻo BET.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka BET ke pani i ka RPT piha.No ka mea hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka LAL assay e nā kumu a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā pyrogens non-endotoxin.